ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF THE HISTORIC CITIES OF KAZAKHSTAN: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES

Abstract

The aim of this study is to analyze the architectural identity of historic cities of Kazakhstan in the context of the current urban changes. The purpose of the research is to give the theoretical knowledge about the nature of architectural identity, factors affecting the creation of identity and to reveal the problems of cities in the conditions of globalization. Scientific interest of the study is related to the possibility of generalization of theoretical approaches and the analysis of the relations between cultural memory, urban morphology and the current architectural practice. The methodology used is comparative-historical analysis, morphological approach, examination of the contextual characteristics of the urban environment and critical examination of scientific literature. The results show how standardization of architectural solutions, commercialization of historic city centers and the absence of effective regulatory solutions can be responsible for the loss of local identity. The study concludes that a change in design principles in favor of contextual design is required, along with a promotion of the concepts of critical regionalism and the need to establish architectural codes that take into account local cultural and historical details. The research's significance is the creation of a theoretical basis for the preservation of the identity of historic cities. Its practical significance is related to the possible use of the proposed approaches in the development of urban planning policies and regulatory frameworks for historic areas. Furthermore, it highlights the need for the integration of cultural heritage in the modern concept of architecture. The recommendations proposed can be used as a foundation for sustainable urban development strategies.