ARCHITECTURAL STYLES OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS IN THE CITIES OF UST-KAMENOGORSK AND SEMIPALATINSK IN THE XIX AND EARLY XX CENTURIES

Abstract

This article considers the industrial architecture of cities of East Kazakhstan, i.e. Semipalatinsk and Ust-Kamenogorsk during the period of the end of XIX- beginning of the XX centuries. Also, the stylistic peculiarities of those objects are determined. The authors' concept is: the industrial architecture has artistic individuality. So, the aim of the article is to determine its placement within the architectural heritage of Kazakhstan of the specified period. The authors studied architectural and planning specific of those objects, determine their compositional features as related to industrial architecture of the cities of East Kazakhstan. They also examined stylistic development of the industrial architecture and pointed out its value as related to the architecture of that period. The authors studied according archival and literary sources and handled the measurement and photo fixation of the objects. The method of comparative analysis was applied to determine the architectural specific of the objects as compared with public and residential buildings. The authors implemented architectural and artistic analysis of historic buildings and pointed out both stylistic and artistic trends of the industrial architecture on the whole. Thus, the prevailing style of the industrial buildings which were erected in the old city centers was the so called "brick" one. Also, the "eclectic" style which had some interpretations of the "order" and "modern" ones took place.  Thus, the architectural image of the considered cities was developed on the basis of both public and industrial buildings in the kind of the urban-planning accents.