Keywords
Abstract
The study addresses the relevance of improving the thermal performance of wall structures as one of the key factors in enhancing the energy efficiency and sustainability of buildings. Modern construction increasingly requires materials and design solutions that minimize heat loss while maintaining structural strength and indoor comfort. To achieve this, the research analyzes wall models composed of gypsum plaster, ceramic brick, cement-sand mortar, and ceramic tiles with the inclusion of a mineral wool insulation layer. The methodology combines experimental data with mathematical modeling performed in the ELCUT software, allowing the evaluation of heat transfer resistance, temperature distribution, and condensation risk in multilayer wall systems. Two insulation placement options—internal and external—were compared in terms of their impact on the thermal resistance and overall temperature profile of the structure. The analysis demonstrates that the external arrangement of insulation provides higher thermal stability, reduces the risk of cracking and moisture accumulation, and ensures better preservation of internal heat. Conversely, internal insulation may lead to temperature gradients that decrease material durability and comfort conditions. The obtained results confirm the necessity of optimizing the location of thermal insulation in wall constructions to achieve an optimal balance between energy efficiency and mechanical performance. The conclusions of the study are valuable for engineers and architects developing modern, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable building envelopes