DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN SEMIOTIC MODELING OF ALMATY'S PUBLIC SPACES

Abstract

Urban digitalization requires not only geometric and functional modeling, but also a systematic interpretation of the symbolic and perceptual meanings embedded in public space. This review article examines how digital technologies can support the semiotic modeling of Almaty's public spaces and proposes an integrated analytical framework for research and design. The study combines a review of national and international publications with a case-based analysis of key public spaces in Almaty using GIS and BIM materials, field observations, photo documentation, and comparative semiotic coding of architectural and digital elements. A symbolic-semantic consistency coefficient k is introduced as a comparative indicator for assessing the alignment between the spatial image, local cultural codes, and digital interventions; the coefficient is used for relative comparison of cases rather than as an absolute metric. The results identify typical gaps in current practice, including fragmented data, weak coordination between design stages, and insufficient interpretation of local identity, and demonstrate how GIS/BIM models, digital twins, and immersive visualization tools can be integrated into a unified semiotic analysis workflow. The proposed approach can improve design decisions, preserve place identity, and support the sustainable development and management of public spaces in Almaty.