Keywords
Abstract
The analysis of the potential of introducing 3D printing technology into the architectural and construction practice of the Republic of Kazakhstan includes examples of the implementation of 3D‑printed buildings both in the international arena (the Netherlands, Angola) and in Kazakhstan. The article considers the possibility of introducing 3D printing into national practice with an emphasis on sustainability, adaptability and energy efficiency. The purpose of the study is to assess the technological readiness and practical applicability of 3D-printed solutions in the context of Kazakhstan. The work uses a comparative analysis of international and domestic projects, a review of relevant literature, a study of the engineering characteristics of materials and mixtures, as well as interviews with specialists. Projects such as Milestone, Power2Build, and local implementations using COBOD printers are considered as the main examples. The advantages of 3D‑printed solutions using local materials are revealed: reduction of construction time and labor costs, improvement of thermal engineering parameters of enclosing structures and reduction of carbon footprint. The ability of the technology to form complex geometries, provide integrated thermal insulation and adapt to earthquake-prone conditions is shown. The prospects of biodegradable composites and digital workflows (BIM/CAM, parametric design) are noted. 3D printing has already moved into the category of applied technologies ready to scale in Kazakhstan, subject to standardization of formulations, development of a regulatory framework and training of personnel. The technology offers economic and environmental benefits, especially for remote and seismically hazardous regions, and can become a tool for mass sustainable housing construction. The authors offer recommendations on the adaptation of mixtures to climatic conditions, the development of standards and the integration of educational programs to accelerate the introduction of technology and ensure the quality of construction. Further research should focus on the durability of printed structures and the economic assessment of large-scale projects.